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The Family and Medical Leave Act (FMLA) is the federal act that permits employees to take unpaid leave for qualifying family and medical reasons. This law recognizes the need for employees to manage personal or family health issues without the fear of losing their job. Under the FMLA, eligible employees are entitled to take up to 12 weeks of unpaid leave in a 12-month period for specific circumstances, including the birth of a child, the adoption of a child, the need to care for a spouse or family member with a serious health condition, or the employee's own serious health condition.

The significance of the FMLA lies in its role in promoting work-life balance, enabling employees to handle personal and family matters without jeopardizing their employment status. It establishes the right to return to the same or equivalent position upon reinstatement, contributing to job security during critical life events. Given these provisions, it is clear why the FMLA is recognized as a crucial piece of legislation in supporting employed individuals facing medical or familial challenges.